Air Pollution in Indian
Air pollution is one of the most serious and dangerous issues of the World, which directly challenge to the global environment as well as the thread to the living beings. Normally, pure air consists, 78.084% of Nitrogen (N2), 21.946% of Oxygen (O2), 0.934% of Argon (Ar), 0.0397% of Carbon dioxide (CO2), 0.00182% of Neon (Ne), 0.0005% of Helium (He) and 0.0002% of Methane (CH4). When this normal situation of air changed due to the existence of harmful gasses like, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides, any hydrocarbon gases, sulphur-di-oxide (SO2), hydrogen sulphide and some greenhouse gases including extra carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane or other dust particles (mainly un-burnt carbon, lead, cement and asbestos), smokes, and many more, then the air become polluted, which are seriously disturbances on the global eco-system and environment.
As per the inclusion characteristics into the fresh air, all air pollutants are divided into two categories - primary pollutants and secondary pollutants.
Primary Pollutants: Primary Pollutants are those harmful gasses or particles, which are directly included into the air by nature or human beings. Sea salts, volcanic ashes and dust are some natural resources; on the other hands, exhausting gasses of vehicles, smokes and others gasses from firewood or biomass are some human resources of the primary pollutants.
Secondary pollutants: Secondary pollutants does not included into the air but create itself with chemical reactions of existing different primary pollutants, as well as reacts with the normal gasses or natural particle like water vapors. Sometimes it also generates after reacts with sunlight. Ozone, smog, sulphur-trioxide, nitrogen-dioxide, different hydrocarbons, etc. are some example of secondary pollutants.
Sources of Air Pollution
There are many reasons of air pollutions, but mostly it is caused by cars, growing cities, development of economy and industrialization. We can be classified major sources of air pollutants are natural sources and human sources.
Natural sources:
Volcanoes: ashes, smokes, carbon dioxide, dust and other gases immerged into the air from the volcanic eruptions.
Land surface: salts spray from seas and ocean, dust and soil particles from the ground surface.
Extra-terrestrial bodies: cosmic particles and rays, chest produced due to the bombardment of asteroid materials, comets etc. with the earth.
Green plants: pollen grains of flowers.
Animals: Carbon dioxide from animals during respiration, Methane from cattle during digestion.
Fungi: Fungal spores, viruses
Man-made sources:
Industries: smokes, fumes, dust, particulate matters.
Domestic sources: Bituminous coal used as cooking fuel, charcoal and firewood also causes air pollution by producing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxides, and sulphur dioxides. These gases create a layer over the earth which allows penetration of the sunlight on the earth but hinders radiation from the earth surface and increases hot on the earth surface or simply we can say Green House effects.
Automobiles: The major source of air pollution in big cities and industrially advanced countries is the automobiles (smoke, fumes, emissions from different cars and motor vehicles).
Agriculture: Agricultural activities as crop spraying and dusting for pest and weed control are responsible for emitting organic phosphates, arsenic, and lead into the air.
Power plants: heat from the power plants, smokes, fly ash.
Air pollution of India
Nowadays air pollution is a common scenario to all developed and industrially developing countries. Indian air pollution is a quite serious issue for human life. Traffic jams and vehicle emission, industrial exhausting, smokes from biomass and fuel wood burning are major sources for Indian air pollutants. However, Indian per capita emissions of greenhouse gases is low, but it is the third largest greenhouse gases producer in the world, only after China and the United States of America. Which change the climate of India as well as direct effects to the human health.